Essay on Images of Africa in Heart of Darkness and Things...

Images of Africa in Heart of Darkness and Things Fall Apart Joseph Conrads novel Heart of Darkness portrays an image of Africa that is dark and inhuman. Not only does he describe the actual, physical continent of Africa as so hopeless and so dark, so impenetrable to human thought, so pitiless to human weakness (Conrad 94), as though the continent could neither breed nor support any true human life, but he also manages to depict Africans as though they are not worthy of the respect commonly due to the white man. At one point the main character, Marlow, describes one of the paths he follows: Cant say I saw any road or any upkeep, unless the body of a middle-aged negro, with a bullet-hole in the forehead, upon which I†¦show more content†¦Darkness is everything that is unknown, primitive, evil, and impenetrable. To Conrad, Africa is the very representation of darkness. Marlow often uses the phrase, We penetrated deeper and deeper into the heart of darkness (Conrad 68), to describe his progress on the Congo. By traveling farther and farther down the Congo, Marlow and his crew get closer and closer to the epicenter of this foreboding darkness, to the black heart of evil. Because of Africas physical immensity and thick jungles, it appeared to be a land of the unknown where the silence . . . went home to ones very heart-its mystery, its greatness, the amazing reality of its concealed life(56). This portrayal of Africa as both a romantic frontier and a foreboding wilderness continues to dominate in the minds of Westerners even today. Conrad depicts Africa as a land where the prehistoric has been preserved. He describes the journey up the Congo as something similar to a trip on a time machine: Going up that river was like traveling back to the earliest beginnings of the world, when vegetation rioted on the earth and the big trees were kings . . . There were moments when ones past came back to one, as it will sometimes when you have not a moment to spare to yourself; but it came in the shape of an unrestful and noisy dream, remembered with wonder amongst the overwhelming realities of thisShow MoreRelatedEssay about The Collision of Beliefs in Things Fall Apart1167 Words   |  5 Pagesthe book Things Fall Apart by Chinua Achebe, missionaries came to Africa to teach the natives a new way of life, Christianity. The natives had lived one way their entire life, and enacted their beliefs whole-heartedly. European missionaries wanted to convert them from these ways. Each group of people had a difficulties communicating with each other; this caused a type of ignorance towards the other. Joseph Conrad did an adequate job portraying the views of Europeans in his novel Heart of DarknessRead More Things Fall Apart Contradicts Stereotypes and Stereotyping in Heart of Darkness1750 Words   |  7 PagesChinua Achebes Things Fall Apart Contradicts Stereotypes in Conrads Heart of Darkness In An Image of Africa: Racism in Conrads Heart of Darkness, Chinua Achebe criticizes Joseph Conrad for his racist stereotypes towards the continent and people of Africa. He claims that Conrad propagated the dominant image of Africa in the Western imagination rather than portraying the continent in its true form (1793). Africans were portrayed in Conrads novel as savages with no language other than gruntsRead MorePostcolonial Literature: Uncovering Western Myths Essay1309 Words   |  6 PagesAfrica has been the embodiment of european perspectives before and after the Colonialism; these perspectives have attempted to provide insights on the facts behind it. In those terms, Africa has been reduced an atmosphere of concepts such as deep darkness, mystery, and madness, a place in which attrocities arise at any time of the day, and people are savages and chaotic. From that colonialist viewpoint, Africa was a place that needed help and control urgently in order to save it form itself and civilizeRead MoreThe Heart Of Darkness And Things Fall Apart1585 Words   |  7 PagesKirkus review speak about Things Fall Apart, â€Å"This book sings with the terrible silence of dead civilizations in which once there was valor.† This novel is the incredibly powerful story of an Ibo Brave Man, Okonkwo, and his tribe’s fall fromgrace. It is impossible to read this novel without feeling the powerful passion, tragedy, and courage involved in the story. The Guardian says of Heart of Darkness, â€Å"Despite his protestations, this is undeniably an invaluable historical document offering a glimpseRead MoreHeart of Darkness by Joseph Conrad vs. Things Fall Apart by Chinua Achebe1476 Words   |  6 PagesHeart of Darkness by Joseph Conrad and Things Fall Apart by Chinua Achebe are two novellas written to make a statement about the struggles of early societies. Both stories stir up moments of hope, anger, disappointment, despair, and enlightenment in an attempt to inform the reader of the injustices and societal differences during the 1800’s. Heart of Darkness tells the story from a European Colonist perspective while Things Fall Apart illustrates the outlook of the African tribe member being colonizedRead MoreHeart Of Darkness And Things Fall Apart1580 Words   |  7 PagesHeart of Darkness and Things Fall Apart illustrate the different ways of presenting Africa in literature. In Heart of Darkness, Joseph Conrad shows Africa through the perspective of the colonizing Europeans, who tend to depict all the natives as savages. In response to Conrad s stereotypical depiction of Africans, Chinua Achebe wrote Things Fall Apart through the point of view of the natives to show Africans, not as primitives, but as members of a thriving society. Things Fall Apart follows OkonkwoRead MoreChinua Achebe s Things Fall Apart And Joseph Conrad s Heart Of Darkness932 Words   |  4 Pagesin the work of Chinua Achebe’s Things Fall Apart and Joseph Conr ad’s Heart of Darkness. Achebe gives a personal account of African life, culture, and customs in his book. He grew up in Nigeria, solidifying the reality that his take on their culture is the most natural, the one that will hit home. Also, since Achebe grew up surrounded by the culture so it is something intimately familiar to him. On the other hand, Joseph Conrad’s book Heart of Darkness makes Africa into a wild and savage place thatRead More Essay Contrasting Images in Things Fall Apart and Heart of Darkness2233 Words   |  9 PagesContrasting Images in Things Fall Apart and Heart of Darkness  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚   Joseph Conrad’s novel Heart of Darkness portrays an image of Africa that is dark and inhuman.   Not only does he describe the actual, physical continent of Africa as â€Å"so hopeless and so dark, so impenetrable to human thought, so pitiless to human weakness† (Conrad 94), as though the continent could neither breed nor support any true human life, but he also manages to depict Africans as though they are not worthy of the respectRead MoreTheme Of Racism In Joseph Conrads Heart Of Darkness1008 Words   |  5 Pageswords so that they seem like normal comments. In Joseph Conrad’s Heart of Darkness, the main character, Marlow, journeys the Congo and describes what he sees. In a response to Heart of Darkness, Chinua Achebe wrote â€Å"‘An Image of Africa’: Racism in Conrad’s Heart of Darkness†. Here, he explains his views on what Conrad wrote and what he thinks it means. One of Achebe’s famous novels was Things Fall Apart, based in a village in Africa. The story is about a man, Okonkwo, who is very well known whereRead MoreMisogyny in Heart of Darkness by Joseph Conrad and Things Fall Apart by Chinua Achebe1129 Words   |  5 Pagesin World Literature. Women’s suffrage was at its prime between 1840 and 1920. Heart of Darkness by Joseph Conrad and Things Fall Apart by Chinua Achebe, two stories based in Africa, show different points of misogyny, the first being from the time of women’s suffrage, and the latter being after the women’s suffrage movement. The value, view, and role of women was undermined greatly in these two novels. Heart of Darkness was published in 1902, deep in with time of the women’s suffrage movement. The

Essay on Advertising Changes Social Values - 2446 Words

Change is imminent. As resistant as people may be to alter their patterns everything changes over time, especially social values. Whether it be new technology, changes in the economy, or new understandings, values never stay the same. Nothing reflects these values more than advertising and trying to appeal to the peoples need to â€Å"fit in† with the values of society. Since the beginning of advertising the sellers are trying to find ways to make the consumers buy into their goods or services and there is no better way than to reflect on how people’s attitudes and beliefs are focused. Changing social values are always reflected in advertising for consumer products. As social values change so too does the approach that advertisers take†¦show more content†¦The shift that we are seeing due to the recession is that companies are starting to offer more information on their services in order to help the consumer make a better decision for themselves, rather th an say putting a cute little baby on TV because they think people will be more likely to buy from them because of that. One article states Consumers often make financial choices that are not necessarily good for them. Errors in choices arise from certain financial biases, emotion, incomplete information, and limited understanding. Consumers are often skeptical of advertising whose claims are difficult and complex to understand. They rather prefer advertising that assists them in their economic decision-making. Consumers are accountable for responsibly using financial products and those who get in over their heads must find a way to manage fiscal responsibilities. Financial services organizations should provide their consumers with information about the consequences of inappropriate financial management(Changing 2011). In a study done by Taejun Lee, Ronald Taylor, and Wonjun Chung, advertising strategies were studied to see how they will be affected due to an economic crisis. According to Lee (2011), â€Å"The Great Depression revealed that successful companies did adjustShow MoreRelatedAdvertisement And Culture Of The Media1658 Words   |  7 Pagesadvertisement and pictures in the media is certainly creating a unique mental space in the mind of social capitals. As far as the advertising and their social influence are concern, the understanding of cultural differences is often considered a prerequisite for successful international advertising (Keegan, 2008) because consumers grow up in a particular culture and become aligned with that culture s value system as well as beliefs and perception processes. Several studies have shown that consumersRead MoreImpact Of Social Media On Business Performance1730 Words   |  7 PagesImpact of Social Media Marketing Introduction: It is considered that social media tools have gained a lot of popularity as well as increasingly used in day to day operations of many business organizations or companies, from start-up to small medium as well as large multinational organizations. Despite the fact that social media has gained popularity over it use, little has been known for their values to the business world or industry. The tools and technologies support for social media on businessRead MoreIntroduction to Emotion1205 Words   |  5 Pagesare going on at the moment or when we remember something that happened in the past.   Frequently, we also experience physiological changes, such as feeling hot; faster heartbeats, changes in our breathing, knotting in our stomachs, etc. when we feel an emotion. 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In this process of â€Å"greenwashing†, corporations reputations and products are intimately linked to promotional culture by attemptin g to represent itself as sustainable, progressive,Read MoreAdvertising1204 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿Impact Of Advertising Impact based advertising is a form of advertising designed to have a lasting psychological effect on viewers so they will remember the product or vendor. This approach can help advertising produce the greatest results for a given expenditure. Impact based advertising is often contrasted with impression based advertising, which is focused on the number of times that an ad is seen and does not differentiate between segments of the audience. Impact-based advertising seeks to giveRead MoreQuestions On Start Your Business Planning1349 Words   |  6 Pagesorganizational changes today, develop strategies for solving problems, marketing strategies, packaging, analyze the profile of the entrepreneur. A person can make an idea a business, however, is not the same as having it in his head that develop it. The first thing an entrepreneur should do to do when starting an own business is to check to what extent this idea is innovative, find out if there are customers for it and what is their market. The mill itself has no meaning, only has economic value when placedRead MoreSocial Media And Political Economy1174 Words   |  5 PagesFuchs s article relates social media with power and political economy, which roots in Karl Max s critical theory toward capitalism s exploit on free labor sources. Recall from what Fuchs mentioned on chapter one, he discussed about the concept of social media by introducing a four dynamic process: cognition, communication and co-operation. Each one is closely associated with a notion of sociality from different philosophical points of view. However, in this chapter, he extends the critical theory

Melbourne Institute Applied Economic Social â€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Melbourne Institute Applied Economic Social? Answer: Introduction In the labor force, when some members are unable to find jobs to sustain their lives then they are identified as unemployed person in the economy. Those who remain unemployed are not for same reason. When people are willing to work but are not able to find in the prevailing market wage then it is called involuntary unemployment. Sometimes, people remain unemployed by their choice. This type of unemployment is named as voluntary unemployment. State of unemployment depends on the health of the economy. In times of economic boom, more jobs are created and hence unemployment is low. At times of recession or depression, the economy contracts due to declining aggregate demand. During this time, many people lose their jobs, contributing to unemployment. Australia has gone through rapid economic development with changing scenario and scope of the economy. Dependence of the economy has increased on the service sector while growth in primary and manufacturing sector is comparatively declined limiting job opportunities. New job opportunities are opening up in a wide variety of services. Service including health, hospitality and education are accounted for maximum number of job creation. In agriculture, the adaption of advanced technology contributes to reduction in labor employment. Manufacturing sectors as well has a tendency of adapting labor saving technology to reduce production cost. Another factor responsible for job loss in Australia is the growing competition with imported manufacturing. In this essay unemployment trend in Australia for the last five years are analyzed. In Australia, some common types of unemployment are structural unemployment, cyclical unemployment and frictional unemployment. When unemployment continued for a comparatively long period then it is called long-term unemployment. The overall scenario of unemployment is viewed in light of its impact on the economy and consequent government policies to mitigate unemployment and move towards ensuring a full employment condition. Major Unemployment types in Australia Based on the influencing factors unemployment in an economy are of different types such as seasonal unemployment, cyclical unemployment, Structural unemployment, frictional unemployment and disguised unemployment. Seasonal unemployment is found occupation that largely dependent on seasons (Goodwin et al., 2013). For example, in agriculture there is a certain crop cycle including specific time. After completion of the crop cycle, farmers depending on only one seasonal crop, faces seasonal unemployment. Cyclical unemployment is inevitable for an economy. Every economy has gone through business cycle fluctuation. In recession or depression phase the economy contracts leading to contraction to economic activities and hence contraction of employment opportunities. The unemployment resulted from business cycle fluctuation is called cyclical unemployment. In order to make economic progress, major structural changes often take place. Labor force unable to adapt such changes loses their jobs during this time. Some industry often considers revising production technology. Laborers lacking sufficient skill become unemployed. Frictional unemployment is unemployment at times of switching from one type of jobs to other (Davar 2016). This arises because of economic bottlenecks. Disguised unemployment is a situation where a person engages in jobs without making any marginal contribution. This means withdrawing this person does not make any change in total output. Some common causes of unemployment in Australia are: Shutdowns of Industry: An obvious factor leading to unemployment in Australia is shutdown of many supporting industries. Those who lose jobs in this phase are not fully absorbed because of insufficiency in job opportunities (Argy and Nevile 2016). These industries include textile, agriculture, manufacturing like automotive and so on. Infrastructure: In the infrastructure, sector public and private spending declined in harder tomes for the economy. This resulted moving out of people having skills like engineers moves to overseas causing unemployment to local laborers. Off shoring: Off shoring is a major contributor of unemployment in Australia. This began from when government stated offering incentives in terms of tax payment because of moving industries or jobs there (Mavromaras, Sloane and Wei 2015). Mostly manufacturing and textile jobs are going off shore. Recession: In time of recession, companies adapt tightening policies where worker are lay off from their current jobs leading to unemployment in the economy. Immigration: Australian government allows immigration of mining laborers and international students (Carvalho 2015). This increases the strength of the labor force while contributing to unemployment for local laborers. Trends in Australian Unemployment Figure 1: Trends in Australian Unemployment in last five years (Source: tradingeconomics.com) The current rate of unemployment in Australia is 5.6%. The unemployment rate remains steady and same with in the earlier month. The statistics for new job creation is Australia is 54,200 (McLachlan 2013). As against the new job creation, the number of unemployed declined is only 1,100. Labor force participation rate has increased slightly. Recent participation rate for labor force is 65.3. In the previous year, this figure was 65.1 percent. The labor-force participation rate attained highest level since 2012 and reached beyond expectation. Employment in the economy jumped from 54,200 to 12,269,000 (Wilkins and Wooden 2014). This is considered as the biggest achievement in terms of employment creation. The employment estimate for the period was 15,000. Both full time and part time employment in Australia increases. Increases in part time employment is greater than that of full time employment. Full time jobs increased from 40,100 to 8,392,300. Employment in part time jobs increases fr om 14,100 to 3,876,700. Overall unemployment decreases by 1,100 to 727500. People are more interested in full time jobs than in the part time jobs because of greater job security. Number of people searching for full time jobs increases by 6,400 from 501600. People looking only for part time jobs have decreased by 7,500 (Hawthorne 2016). Dependency ratio that is ratio of employment to population shows an improvement and becomes 61.6 percent from 61.4 percent. Condition of labor market Condition of labor market strengthens in the last few years. In 2016, level of employment in the economy has increased by 1.9 percent. This is above the rate of average growth since the last ten years. Employment growth though accelerated in the second half of 2015, the growth slows down in the first quarter of 2016 (Furlong 2016). The growth in employment between June 2015 and June 2016 was basically driven by high growth of part time employment. The part time employment grew by 3.7 percent and became 3,740,000 in 2016. There is a modest rate of growth of 1.1 percent for the same period. Increase in part time jobs is reflected in the increases in monthly hours worked. The level of unemployment in Australia fell by 3.1 percent. Unemployment rate declined from 6.1 percent in 2015 to 5.8 percent in 2016. The improvement in unemployment rate shows shift towards traditional labor-intensive technology. The growth is mostly in service-based industries. New employment opportunities are created in 12 out of 19 major category industries (Boz, Durdu and Li 2015). Large increase is observed in social assistance, health care, retail trade and construction. In contrast to employment creation in retail trade, the whole trade experiences a decline in employment. Similarly, technical and scientific services and manufacturing employment declined. The mining sector has experienced a modest rate of growth in employment. the modest rate of growth in mining employment is viewed is terms of massive declining in mining sector employment from August 2012. During 2012, depressed mining employment was resulted from decreasing commodity prices and shifting away from labor-intensive phase of construction to the production phase. In between this, the position of youth employment has improved for the given period. There is a marginal decline in youth unemployment rate (Martin, 2014). The concerning fact is that, though youth employment has increased it is increased mostly in part time jobs. The full time employment for youth members of the labor force declines over the same period. The declining statistics of full time employment among youth goes in lin e with the fact that full time education among the youth increases by 52.4 percent reaching a recorded a high level. Although labor market condition strengthens, however several risk to the labor market remains. The prospective risk is associated in terms of further possibility of Chinas growth. The Chinas economy is shifted ways from investment driven growth. In Australia, there remains uncertainty in the commodity market with commodity prices have fallen to a significant low level in contrast to the recorded hike in 2011. In 2016, the Treasury forecasted fiscal and pre election economic outlook to increase employment by 1.75 percent over the period 2016-17 and 2017-18 (Wilkins 2015). With this, the expected unemployment should decline to a moderate level of 5.5 percent and stay consistent at that level in the next period as well. Labor Force participation rate and ratio of employment to population for the age group 15-64 Participation rate in the labor force is defined as the proportion of population currently in the working age that is actively participating in the labor force and either involved in any kind of jobs or looking for jobs. It is considered as a good indicator to find out strength of the labor force. However, part of the labor force, that is not actively looking for jobs are is excluded from this measure. They are the discouraged job seekers. Employment to population ratio measures the only those groups of working age population that are actively employed. Both the demand and supply side factors influence this ratio. It stands as a good summary indicator for presenting labor market performance of Australia in comparison to other countries specially the members in OECD list. Overtime, the ratio of employment to population increases in Australia. The ratio has become 72.4 percent in 2016 (employment.gov.au 2017). The ratio of workforce age to population has increased slightly and become 77.0 percent. Figure 2: Labor force participation rate and employment-to-population ratio (Source: employment.gov.au 2017) Males and Females (aged 15 to 64) participation rate in the labor force The disparity between male and female participation in the labor force has narrowed overtime. In recent time, the gap is filled by 11-percentage point, moving Australia closer towards achieving a G20 goal of reduction in males and females disparity in the workforce by 25 percent within 2025 (Burke and Dundas 2015). Obviously, the gap has been narrowed because of a rise in female participation rate and decline in the male participation rate. Participation rate for females increased by 0.6 percentage point and achieved the level of 71.7 percent. As against female participation, participation of male members in the labor force decreased by 0.5 percentage point. The higher growth in female participation rate is partly contributed from the growth o industries hiring a larger proportion of women at times Australia transition towards to broad spectrum of economic growth from earlier resource intensive phase. Figure 3: Labor force participation rate of males and females aged 15 to 64years (Source: employment.gov.au 2017) Analysis of unemployment in some major state of Australia Figure 4: Unemployment in different states of Australia (Source: abs.gov.au 2017) As per report of Australia Bureau of Labor Statistics, rate of unemployment declined in New South Wales, Queensland, Tasmania and South Australia. In 2015, Victoria recorded an increase in the trend unemployment rate and becomes 6.2% (businessinsider.com.au 2017). In Northern Capital Territory, unemployment rose to 4.9% while in Western Australia unemployment rate decreases or remains steady to 6.1 percent. In Australian Capital Territory, unemployment rate increases by 0.2 percentage point. In the phase of mining boom in 2005, Western Australia accounted lowest unemployment rate (Measham et al. 2013). Queensland and South Australia depending highly on mining experienced a decline in the unemployment rate. At that time, New South Wales presently having lowest rate of unemployment, then had a relatively high level of unemployment. Moving to another five years, one year ahead of the beginning of the financial crisis, major states except Western Australia had unemployment rate ranging from 5.1% to 5.4%. During this time, Western Australia was in an early stage of Mining Boom Mark II. Chinas announcement of Infrastructure rollout program helps Western Australia still to have a lowest rate of unemployment with rat of unemployment being 4.5 percent (Gleeson 2015). The current trend of unemployment began from September 2014. The lower value of Australian dollar helps states mostly depended on the service sector to lower unemployment rate. The construction of residential housing also accelerated in this time and unemployment in New South Wales remains at 5.9%. Unemployment in Victoria fell rapidly from 6.7% to 6.2 percent in just one year. Tasmania, that had highest unemployment rate of 7.2% , achieved an unemployment rate of 6.0%. The states relying on service sectors while experienced a decline in the unemployment rate, while mining sector dependent did not. The economy of South Australia and Western Australia mostly aligned with growth of mining sector accounted unemployment rate of 6.8% and 5.1% respectively. The capital expenditure in mining sector declined significantly and commodity prices lowered. The unemployment rate in Queensland was 6.4%. Reforms in the tourism sector can be considered as an offsetting factor. The economy has planned for a successful transition from resource intensive growth objective to one that is fuelled by housing construction and consumption. However, the transition is still in its initial level and need some years to complete and prospect of having a changing employment and economic outlook. Unemployment consequences Unemployment has destructive effect on peoples lives. Not only he unemployed person but also the family, community and the economy is affected from the steady unemployment state. The effect can trickle down to the next generation. Unemployment means a loss of scarce productive resources of the economy. Those who lose their jobs unwillingly lack sufficient resources to support their retire life. The impact on society is in terms of increases in income support program, increasing social cost for health and community support and reduction in the availability of human capital for productive growth. The Treasury pointed out that, the short term impact of unemployment is the reduction in the flow of personal while in the long run its results in inability of the people to save for future. Mission Australia recorded of having clients unable to afford clothes for interview, transport or telephone to interviews. Lacks of relaxation of council rates for unemployed persons often results in council debts among job seekers. As indicated by the Treasury, income support given to unemployed constitutes only one third of net wages. The replacement rate is lower than that prevailing in most OECD countries under social insurance system (Junankar 2016). It is found that unemployment has more severe impact on those having financial commitments such as rent or mortgages, education expenses of students and is liable to more number of dependents. Department of Family and Community Services (DFaCS) possess a long-term concern for persistent unemployment. The mature aged people tend to be more depend ent on income support extended too them. Existing unemployment impacted on Federal budget through a lower generation of present and future tax receipts by increasing spending on superannuation and other unemployment benefits (Morris and Wilson 2014). Larger the proportion of unemployed in a society, greater is the need for spending on education, health and other kinds of social service. Australian Government policies for lowering unemployment Different programs and policies are undertaken by the Australian government to reduce existing unemployment and attain a state of full employment for the economy. Different programs for combating unemployment are discussed as follows Indigenous Employment Program (IEP) (1999- Current): Major objectives of this scheme are to provide wage assistance, arrange employment and training program, undertaking indigenous Cadetship Projects and establishing Indigenous Employment Centers. Other assistances are providing in terms of corporate leadership in Indigenous Employment Project, building funds for indigenous small business and voluntary services are given to indigenous communities (Gregory and Smith 2016). The IEP has attempted to boost employment in the private sector. In 2009, a range of changes was undertaken in IEP. It includes assistance to voluntary mobility; program corresponds to literacy and language, extending more support to the small and medium sized business enterprises, monitoring and pre-employment training program with special focus on regional industries and areas running with a shortage of labor. Job Service Australia (2009): This program replaced earlier Job Network program and has become primary employment program in Australia. This change is made in an attempt to improve the relation between apprenticeship and assistance given to labor market, improves in vocational education in training programs with a subsequent improvement in training and employment program in different states and territory (Argy and Nevile, 2016). It concentrates more on the group of job seekers who are at a disadvantageous position than earlier Job network program. Community Development Program (CDP): It is a centrally controlled program. It involves strict penalties because of any non-compliance and aims to provide more working hours (Dowding and Martin 2017). Adaption of this policy results in substantial increase in penalties and financial hurdles for many participants. In 2017, Australian senate launches an inquiry into CDP. The need for inquiry arises because of concerns regarding the programs impact on individual, family members and in the broader community. There are concerns from Job Australia that CDP is responsible in creating unwanted financial hardship and ends up with poverty in remote areas of Australia. Conclusion The essay discusses trends of unemployment in Australia in the last five years. The trend shows that Australia has made significant improvement in combating unemployment. New jobs are created in Australia contributing to declining trend in unemployment. Proportion of people engaged in part time jobs offsets that in full time jobs. Youth members of labor force are more likely to engage in part time jobs with an increased tendency towards full time education. The ratio of employment to population is improving with narrowing the gap between male and female employment. Coming to state wise distribution of unemployment, state with high dependence on mining sector experiences a rise in unemployment while those led by service sector experiences a decline in unemployment. Unemployment has social and economic impact. With increasing need for support program to help the unemployed imposes burden on federal budget. However, government of Australia has designed several policy programs to address the unemployment problem and moving towards full employment condition. References Abs.gov.au. (2017).Employment and Unemployment - Australian Bureau of Statistics. [online] Available at: https://www.abs.gov.au/Employment-and-Unemployment [Accessed 28 Sep. 2017]. Argy, V.E. and Nevile, J. eds., 2016.Inflation and Unemployment: Theory, Experience and Policy Making. Routledge. Argy, V.E. and Nevile, J. eds., 2016.Inflation and Unemployment: Theory, Experience and Policy Making. Routledge. Boz, E., Durdu, C. and Li, N., 2015. Emerging market business cycles: The role of labor market frictions.Journal of Money, Credit and Banking,47(1), pp.31-72. Burke, P.J. and Dundas, G., 2015. Female labor force participation and household dependence on biomass energy: Evidence from national longitudinal data.World Development,67, pp.424-437. Carvalho, P., 2015. Youth unemployment in Australia.Policy: A Journal of Public Policy and Ideas,31(4), p.36. Davar, E., 2016. Unemployment: Walras's Voluntary and Keynes's Involuntary.Equilibrium,11(3), p.605. Department of Employment. (2017).Analysis of trends in the Australian labour market. [online] Available at: https://www.employment.gov.au/annual-report-2016/analysis-trends-australian-labour-market [Accessed 28 Sep. 2017]. Dowding, K. and Martin, A., 2017. Introduction. InPolicy Agendas in Australia(pp. 1-10). Springer International Publishing. Furlong, A. ed., 2016.Routledge Handbook of Youth and Young Adulthood. Taylor Francis. Gleeson, M., 2015. Qld Labor government's first week.Green Left Weekly, (1042), p.6. Goodwin, N., Nelson, J., Harris, J., Torras, M. and Roach, B., 2013.Macroeconomics in context. ME Sharpe. Gregory, R.G. and Smith, R.E., 2016. 15 Unemployment, Inflation and Job Creation Policies in Australia.Inflation and Unemployment: Theory, Experience and Policy Making, p.325. Hawthorne, L., 2016. Labour market outcomes for migrant professionals: Canada and Australia compared. Junankar, P.R. ed., 2016.Economics of the Labour Market: Unemployment, Long-Term Unemployment and the Costs of Unemployment. Springer. Martin, J.P., 2014. Activation and active labour market policies in OECD countries: stylized facts and evidence on their effectiveness. Mavromaras, K., Sloane, P. and Wei, Z., 2015. The scarring effects of unemployment, low pay and skills under-utilization in Australia compared.Applied economics,47(23), pp.2413-2429. McLachlan, R., 2013. Deep and Persistent Disadvantage in Australia-Productivity Commission Staff Working Paper. Measham, T.G., Haslam Mckenzie, F., Moffat, K. and Franks, D.M., 2013. An expanded role for the mining sector in Australian society?.Rural Society,22(2), pp.184-194. Morris, A. and Wilson, S., 2014. Struggling on the Newstart unemployment benefit in Australia: The experience of a neoliberal form of employment assistance.The Economic and Labour Relations Review,25(2), pp.202-221. Scutt, D. (2017).MAP: Here's the unemployment rate for every state and territory in Australia. [online] Business Insider Australia. Available at: https://www.businessinsider.com.au/map-heres-the-unemployment-rate-for-every-state-and-territory-in-australia-2015-10 [Accessed 28 Sep. 2017]. Tradingeconomics.com. (2017).Australia Unemployment Rate | 1978-2017 | Data | Chart | Calendar. [online] Available at: https://tradingeconomics.com/australia/unemployment-rate [Accessed 28 Sep. 2017]. Wilkins, R. and Wooden, M., 2014. Two decades of change: the Australian labour market, 19932013.Australian Economic Review,47(4), pp.417-431. Wilkins, R., 2015.The household, income and labour dynamics in Australia survey: Selected findings from waves 1 to 12. Melbourne: Melbourne Institute of Applied Economic and Social Research, The University of Melbourne.

Value of Technical Publication in the Semiconductor and Soc Industry free essay sample

Our technical proficiency in software and authoring tools includes: TWB services a wide range of technology and knowledge driven industries, helping them meet their markets better, these include: TWB has been the preferred technical documentation outsourcing company for: [pic] â€Å"TWB believes that technology cannot exist without being communicated effectively. † â€Å"Knowledge is people, money, learning, flexibility and competitive advantage. Knowledge is more relevant to sustained business than capital or labor. And yet knowledge remains the most neglected asset of a business. TWB helps you unlock and share your technical knowledge with the world. † US Office: TWB 11701 Norwegian Wood Drive Austin, TX 78758 Position Paper on Value of Technical Publication in the Semiconductor and SoC Industry  ¦ Competitive Growth in the Semiconductor Industry: Growth of semiconductor vendors relies heavily on an accurate, timely, and cost-effective documentation process. Semiconductor vendors cater to a global audience and hence need simple-to-read content that will minimize localization expenses, while staying ahead of competitors. We will write a custom essay sample on Value of Technical Publication in the Semiconductor and Soc Industry or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Value of Technical Publications: Technical Publications are very essential for transferring product knowledge to end users. Provisioning of proper material to use the technology and products enables the user to accept and efficiently use the product. Faulty documentation can lead to inaccurate and hard-to-understand content which will have a negative impact on the product’s performance in global markets.  ¦ Role of Documentation Outsourcing: The complexity involved in implementing a SoC device requires that vendors and purchasers consider outsourcing their development needs to well-established technical publications solutions providers. This helps the company cut costs and at the same time deliver their products with quality documents. United States represents the worlds largest SoC market, worth an estimated US$10. 4 billion in 2007, as stated in a recent report published by Global Industry Analysts, Inc. Asia (excluding Japan) and Europe are the second and third largest markets respectively. The three regions collectively account for about 80% of the global SoC market. Benefits Partnering with TWB has extremely benefited many companies in saving costs and producing professional documentation along with:  ¦ Representing complex chip designs in simple documents Protecting technical and commercial data of newly developed products  ¦ Updating and managing documents easily  ¦ Challenges and solutions  ¦ Some of the greatest documentation challenges that most companies face today include:  ¦ Timely availability of quality documents during product release  ¦ Frequently updating the documents for changes in in tegrated designs  ¦ Difficulty in acquiring robust domain knowledge for documenting complex designs To capture the market, companies require system development teams to design better products. At the same time, functionality integration, saving cost and product documentation are very important to improve the market performance. In most cases the integration function of SoC is transferred only through quality documents. Documentation for a new product requires working closer with the relevant development teams. Later, this knowledge is used to provide documentation about functionality, behavior, implementation, and integration into a SoC. TWB provides structured documentation solutions that maximize comprehension and ease-of-use. TWB has expertise in working on complex domains and delivering quality documents. TWB provides continuous documentation support to update the changes in products. Growth and Penetration of Semiconductor Industry The SoCs average growth volume is 31% a year. In 1999, SoC shipments leaped whopping 116 percent i. e. 345 million units from 160 million units (1998). Later, in 2004 it touched 1. 3 billion units. [pic] The global and regional markets are expected to grow at Compounded Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) ranging between 20% and 35% through 2010. Market for SoCs based on Embedded IP is growing at a CAGR of 29% from 2006 to 2010, while standard cell-based SoCs market is projected to expand at 21%. The market for SoC is set to experience robust growth with increase in demand for high-speed, low power consuming chips. TWB is a leading technical communication outsourcing company that provides services in technical documentation. TWB is the ideal choice for leading vendors of Semiconductor and SoC systems. TWB helps customers with all their technical documentation needs TWB’s xperience in outsourcing to major companies drove its position to be a leader in Technical Documentation. Well trained and experienced employees are the main asset of TWB. TWB works closely with client teams located globally, and assists them in meeting their worldwide product announcements and launch deadlines. TWB’s documentation services enable customers launch their products with world-class documentation. TWB – Leading Technical Docu mentation Outsourcing Company  ¦ Business Proposals  ¦ Legal Disclaimers  ¦ Policy Manuals  ¦ Style Guide Design  ¦ Template Design The faulty assumptions listed below result in incomprehensible document:  ¦ Developers know their products better than anyone else – due to time constraints and limited resources, many companies assign their documentation tasks to the programmers. This more often results in the creation of technology-centered information, while end users require task-oriented information. [pic]  ¦ Documentation of complex applications requires a longer learning curve for the writer learning the product will not be a major obstacle for writers with the right technical background. Besides transferring knowledge, technical publications are also used for marketing a product. Before a product is released in the market, information about the product needs to be effectively communicated to the customers. Well-designed, accurately presented, and attractive marketing collaterals increase the market prospects of a product and reduce support costs. Attractive Publications as Useful Marketing Tools In technical publications, audience is the focal point. Hence, the style, language, and content must vary depending on the type of audience being addressed. It is because every user has a specific role in the implementation and usage of the technology. Therefore, it is important that documents be created keeping in mind the role of the person who will use the document. For example, when you document a software application designed for highly technical users, it is sufficient to provide the users with quick reference information to use the application. For users who start without technical or product knowledge, it is important to provide detailed product information along with instructions on how to use the product. Communication for Different Levels of Technical and Product Knowledge Faulty Assumptions that Result in Problems in Documentation The purpose of technical communication is to transfer product knowledge to end users in a comprehensible manner. The strategies of communication and levels of information vary depending on the type of product and audience. Providing end users with information about a product’s operation and maintenance is critical to the market performance of the product. Hence, the need for quality documentation is imperative. In today’s business scenario, technical publications are often developed as an afterthought. This usually results in inaccurate and incomprehensible documentation, which, in turn, renders the users incapable of using the products. Accurate, readily understandable, and quality documents determine how a product sells in the market and result in increased customer satisfaction. Technical Communication for Transferring Product Knowledge In this paper we will discuss the importance of technical publications for the Semiconductor and System-on-Chip (SoC) products, to facilitate the growth, implementation and evolution of Semiconductor and SoC. Technical publications in the SoC industry include a wide variety of materials such as user guides, solution guides, data sheets, online Help, white papers, reference guides, installation manuals, application notes, information document, assembler guide, conference papers (symposium, workshop and conference articles), contributed and published articles, process documents, multimedia library, technical reference manuals and brochures. The semiconductor industry is growing exponentially with strong demands for a variety of chips catering the electronic and computer industry. The need for sleek, light, and portable products that are cost-effective has led to the development of SoC devices. Chip manufacturers are designing complex SoC devices to meet the global demand. Despite the rapidly increasing popularity of SoC, the complexity of having tens of a million gates, multiple IP cores, and complex on-chip buses and protocols makes quality documentation important to both the vendors of SoC and the organizations that purchases them. The complex information must be documented in a simple and comprehensive manner for the end users, which necessitates the assistance of technical documentation specialists in the development of these documents.  ¦ Economic Business Research  ¦ Industry Analysis  ¦ Market Opportunity Analysis  ¦ Competitive Business Analysis  ¦ Company Prospect Profiling  ¦ Reporting Solutions  ¦ Assessment of Unmet Market Needs  ¦ Status and Potential of Technologies  ¦ Benchmarking of Strategies Vs Competition  ¦ Forecasting  ¦ Sales Force Effectiveness  ¦ Market Assessments  ¦ Competitive Intelligence Opinion Leadership  ¦ Emerging Markets evaluation and research  ¦ Document Management Solutions  ¦ Record Management Storage and Retrieval Records Management  ¦ Software Translation Services  ¦ Document Translation Services  ¦ Localization (L10N) Testing  ¦ Internationalization (I18N) Testing Translation and Localization Services Deployment and Support Qualita tive Analytics for Decision Support  ¦ Workflows  ¦ Standard Operating Procedures  ¦ ISO Documentation  ¦ CMM Documentation  ¦ Installation and Configuration Guides  ¦ Operations Manual Process Documentation  ¦ Web 2. 0 development  ¦ Web content Web applications Web site Development  ¦ Graphic Designing  ¦ Info graphics  ¦ 2D 3D animation  ¦ Line drawings and illustrations Illustrations  ¦ Single Sourcing  ¦ File Version Control  ¦ Document Naming Conventions  ¦ Consistent Document Formatting  ¦ Data Transformation Content Management Business Documentation  ¦ Short Reports  ¦ Proposals  ¦ Case Studies  ¦ Lab Reports  ¦ Memos  ¦ Progress/Interim Reports  ¦ Writing for Electronic Media Business Communication  ¦ Copy Editing and Proof Reading  ¦ Managing Writing  ¦ Editing Services  ¦ Layout and Design  ¦ Creating SLAs Documentation Quality Management Datasheets  ¦ Administrator’s Guide  ¦ API Document  ¦ Configur ation Guide  ¦ Functional Specifications Document  ¦ Installation Manual  ¦ Interface Document  ¦ Interactive Electronic Technical Manual (IETM)  ¦ Maintenance Manual  ¦ Online Help  ¦ Operation Manual  ¦ Product Demo  ¦ Product Specifications Document  ¦ Product Overview Document  ¦ Quick Reference Guide  ¦ Release Notes  ¦ Requirement Analysis Document  ¦ SDK Document  ¦ Troubleshooting Manual  ¦ User Manual  ¦ Open Source Documentation  ¦ Programmers Guides  ¦ Functional Specifications Document  ¦ Use Cases  ¦ Online Help /Context Sensitive Help Troubleshooting Guides  ¦ Technical Product Documentation Technical Marketing Solutions  ¦ Datasheets  ¦ Cheat sheets  ¦ Solution Briefs/Solution Brochures  ¦ Presentations – Products/Corporate Profile  ¦ Brochures and marketing collateral  ¦ Web content  ¦ Audio and video scripts  ¦ Press releases  ¦ Direct mail  ¦ Newsletter design copy  ¦ Sales catalogues  ¦ Sal es sheets TWB is India’s leader in technical communication outsourcing and education. TWB offers a complete suite of services that allows our customers to effectively publish their technical knowledge with their people and processes. TWB’s customers range from Global 500 – including Cisco, Accenture, McAfee, LG, Samsung, Citrix, SAP, Siemens, AOL, Intel; Indian technology majors – including Infosys, Wipro; Global defense majors Pratt Whitney, Honeywell, DRDO, HAL; and exciting technology startups. TWBs expertise in technical communication ranges from IT Products and Outsourcing, ITES, Banking, Financial, Aerospace, Defense, Ship Building to Hi-tech Manufacturing, and Discrete and Process Manufacturing. TWB’s services include:  ¦ SCORM 1. 2 / 2004  ¦ AICC  ¦ W3C  ¦ Section 508  ¦ QTI XML Standards  ¦ Microsoft Visio  ¦ iGrafx  ¦ EDraw  ¦ RFFlow  ¦ Flowbreeze Smart Draw Flowcharting  ¦ Sharepoint ®  ¦ Moodle  ¦ Joomla,  ¦ WordPress  ¦ Media Wiki  ¦ CMS Builder  ¦ Author-it (formerly AuthorIT)  ¦ Alfresco  ¦ XMetal ®  ¦ Microsoft Word 2003 ®,  ¦ Microsoft Word 2007 ® CMS/ LMS XML  ¦ Microsoft Access  ¦ Microsoft SQL Server Databases  ¦ JavaHelp  ¦ Adobe RoboHelp 7. 0  ¦ HelpScribble  ¦ WebWorks Publisher  ¦ PowerCHM  ¦ Doc-To-Help  ¦ WinCHM  ¦ HelpSmith 2. 1. 1(Windows)  ¦ Fast-Help  ¦ MadCap Flare  ¦ Help-Server  ¦ NVU Help Online Help  ¦ Adobe Flash ®  ¦ Adobe Flex ®  ¦ Adobe AIR ®  ¦ Adobe Dreamweaver ®  ¦ Adobe Acrobat ®  ¦ Microsoft Silverlight ®  ¦ Adobe Authorware ®  ¦ Adobe Director ®  ¦ Adobe Captivate ® Trivantis Lectora ®  ¦ ASP. NET  ¦ JSP  ¦ JAVA Multimedia/Authoring/ Supporting tools Graphics/Animation  ¦ Adobe Flash ®  ¦ Adobe Photoshop ®  ¦ Adobe Illustrator ®  ¦ Adobe Fireworks ®  ¦ Microsoft Silverlight ®  ¦ Adobe Flash ®  ¦ Adobe Dreamweaver ®  ¦ Microsoft FrontPage ®  ¦ Adobe Captivate ® Multimedia/Authoring  ¦ Adobe Flash ®  ¦ Adobe Photoshop ®  ¦ Adobe Fireworks ® Macromedia Captivate Graphics/Animations  ¦ Adobe Flash CS4 Professional  ¦ Adobe Illustrator CS3  ¦ CorelD RAW  ¦ Microsoft-Expression Graphic Designer  ¦ Xara Xtreme (Windows Linux)  ¦ CuteDraw  ¦ Publisher3D(for animation)  ¦ Sketsa SVG Editor (for vector graphics) Techsmith Camtasia  ¦ Arbortext IsoDraw (technical illustrations for 2D and 3D) Illustrations  ¦ XSLT/XSL  ¦ EDD Development and Publishing tools  ¦ Epic  ¦ FrameMaker+SGML  ¦ X-Metal ® XML Structured Editors  ¦ Microsoft Word ®  ¦ Adobe FrameMaker ®  ¦ Adobe InDesign ®  ¦ QuarkXPress ®  ¦ Adobe PageMaker ®  ¦ TWB has been the preferred technical documentation outsourcing company for:  ¦ ITES/ KPO/ BPO  ¦ Pharmaceuticals and Biotechnology  ¦ Process Manufacturing and Allied Industries  ¦ Steel, Ship Building, Construction and Aviation  ¦ Telecom and Digital Communications The TWB Building No: 4062, 19th Main Road, HAL 2nd Stage, Bangalore – 560008 India. Landmark: Behind Carlton Towers [pic] Telephone: +91. 80. 40741400 / +91. 80. 41256367 Corporate Enquiries: [emailprotected] in Unstructured Content Development Telephone: +1. 512. 586. 8357 Our technical proficiency in software and authoring tools includes:  ¦ Banking, Insurance and Financial Services  ¦ Consulting and Business Services  ¦ Defense, Aerospace and Hi-Tech Manufacturing  ¦ Education and Learning  ¦ IT, ITES TWB services a wide range of technology and knowledge-driven industries, helping them meet their markets better. These include: The Writers Blockwww. twb. in1